| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract Introduction: Seeds need successful germination at the right time and conditions to survive. Sometimes, even in the best environmental and genetic conditions of the seed, there is no germination or germination with a delay, which is called dormant seeds. Seed dormancy can have positive effects on avoiding adverse conditions and ensuring survival in that environment. However, dormancy of crop plants by preventing germination, it reduces emergence and reduces yields. A combination of environmental factors and seed genetic factors are involved in seed dormancy formation. In general, seed dormancy includes: physical dormancy, physiological dormancy, morphological dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy and combinational dormancy that physical / chemical scarification treatments, hot and cold stratification, leaching, hormonal treatments, after-ripening, light and combination treatments can be used depending on the type of dormancy, in order to removal seed dormancy. Finally, seed dormancy is one of the most important characteristics of seeds that attention and knowledge of the factors affecting it can lead to ecological, crop and economic productivity of plant species. Therefore, in this study, using internal studies conducted in the field of seed dormancy in different plant species, the types of dormancy in different plant species have been identified and studied, and general and practical information in this regard has been provided. Materials and Methods: The study looked at 168 reports published on 250 plant species in the last 20 years, which were published in the seed dormancy of Medicinal Plants, Weeds, Rangelands, Ornamentals and Crops. Then, the percentage of plants studied and plant families, as well as the share of different types of seed dormancy and appropriate treatments to eliminate seed dormancy were determined. Results: Among the plant species studied, the most dormancy type of dormancy was related to physiological dormancy (50%), followed by physical dormancy, combinational dormancy, morphophysiological dormancy and the lowest share of dormancy in the studied plant species related to morphological dormancy (1.61%). The most effective treatments for physiological dormancy were the use of cold stratification, gibberellic acid, and potassium nitrate. Also, the most effective treatments for physical dormancy are the use of physical / mechanical Scarification treatments, chemical Scarification and potassium nitrate treatment. To removal morphological dormancy, the use of temperature treatments and then gibberellic acid treatments, potassium nitrate is recommended. For removal morphophysiological dormancy, it is recommended to use treatments for differentiated small or undifferentiated seeds (removal morphological dormancy) as well as treatments to counteract the inhibitory or inhibitory factors that stimulate germination. In this study, cold stratification and gibberellic acid treatments have been most used to removal morphophysiological dormancy. Conclusion: By identifying the type of dormancy and applying the appropriate treatments, the germination of economical and valuable plants can be improved. |