| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
In order to study the seed germination and dormancy of three weed species (Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Setariaviridis) of pistachio orchards in Rafsanjan, Iran, three separate factorial experiments (with 2 factors) were conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications, at the faculty of agriculture, Vali-E-Asr university of Rafsanjan, Iran, in 2014. Weed seeds were collected from five different regions of Rafsanjan, including Markazi, Anar, Koshkoiyeh, Kabotarkhan and Nogh. Dormancy breaking treatments for Chenopodium album included distilled water (control), KNO3 (at 500 and 1000 ppm), chemical scarification by sulfuric acid (for 5 and 10 min), and cold stratification (for 1, 3 and 5 weeks). Treatments for Convolvulus arvensis included distilled water (control), scarification by sandpaper, chemical scarification by sulfuric acid (20 and 30 min), and boiling water (for 15 and 30 min). Treatments for Setaria viridis included distilled water (control), gibbereilic acid (250, 500 and 1000 ppm), KNO3 (500 and 1000 ppm), and cold stratification (for 1, 3 and 5 weeks). Results showed that seed germination percentage (SGP) and mean germination time (MGT) of three weed species were significantly different among weed populations and dormancy breaking methods. For Chenopodium album, 5 weeks cold stratification resulted in highest SGP (97%) in Nogh population. For Convolvulus arvensis and Setaria viridis, highest SGP obtained after scarification by sandpaper (98% in Kabotarkhan population), and using 1000 ppm gibbereilic acid (60% in Kabotarkhan population), respectively. Also, SGP increased as increasing 1000 seed weight in three weed species. |