| چکیده انگلیسی مقاله |
Extended Abstract
Introduction: The different species of Amaranthus species are among the most important damaging weeds in the world. Due to the importance of studying the effect of management factors on seed dynamics of different weed species, this experiment aimed to investigate the effect of burial depth and high temperatures on the seed dynamic of different species of Amaranthus in Golestan province including white pigweed (A. albus), prostrate pigweed (A. belitoides), hybrid Amaranthus (A. chlorostachys), redroot pigweed (A. retrofelexus) and green Amaranthus (A. viridis) were performed.
Materials and Methods: This research was conducted on five amaranthus species of white pigweed, prostrate pigweed, hybrid Amaranthus, redroot pigweed, and green Amaranthus at the seed laboratory and greenhouse of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. In the first experiment, seed emergence of different species of Amaranthus was studied in eight burial depths including 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 10 cm. In the second experiment, seeds were exposed to 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, and 110 °C temperatures for 5, 10, and 15 minutes
Results: All seeds of A. blitoides and A. viridis germinated in the topsoil (zero depth); But, in A. albus, A. retroflexus, A. chlorostachys, 93%, 83%, and 3% of the seeds were emergence at the soil surface, respectively. By increasing the burial depth to one centimeter, the percentage of seeds emergence in different species of Amaranthus decreased significantly and was negligible at ≥ 2 cm depth. Germination test performed on retrieved seeds showed that zero to 16% of the seeds were able to germinate in petri dish, and most of the non-germinated seeds were viable. In all species except for A. chlorostachys high temperatures reduced the germination percentage.
Conclusion: Due to the reduction of seed germination percentage of different species of Amaranthus from a depth of more than one centimeter of soil, it seems that the use of conservation and conventional tillage methods has a good potential to reduce infestation of fields by these weeds. Also, although high temperatures reduce weed infestation in fields, they do not have a significant effect on depleting the seed bank of these species.
Highlights:
1- Seed dynamics of different species of Amaranthus were affected by burial depth and high temperature
2- Deep burial of seeds of different species of Amaranthus causes the stability of their seeds in the soil seed bank. |